Biomembrane‐inspired design of medical micro/nanorobots: From cytomembrane stealth cloaks to cellularized Trojan horses

Ducks: The “Trojan Horses” of H5N1 influenza

Wild ducks are the main reservoir of influenza A viruses that can be transmitted to domestic poultry and mammals, including humans. Of the 16 hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of influenza A viruses, only the H5 and H7 subtypes cause highly pathogenic (HP) influenza in the natural hosts. Several duck species are naturally resistant to HP Asian H5N1 influenza viruses. These duck species can shed and s...

Compiler Implementation Verification and Trojan Horses

Siderophores as “Trojan Horses”: tackling multidrug resistance?

Microbial drug resistance is partly due to hindered diffusion through the membrane of microbial cells and active transport mechanisms. An approach to counter such resistance uses the bacterial iron transport system. Extracellular free iron is scarce in vertebrates, yet essential for microbial growth (Anderson et al., 2012). A mechanism displayed by microbial pathogens to cope with iron scarcity...

WWW Electronic Commerce and Java Trojan Horses

World Wide Web electronic commerce applications often require consumers to enter private informa tion such as credit card numbers into forms in the browser window If third parties can insert trojan horse applications onto a consumer s machine they can monitor keyboard strokes and steal private infor mation This paper outlines a simple way to accomplish this using Java or similar remote executio...

On Trojan Horses in Compiler Implementations

This paper is to present a security-related motivation for compiler veriication, and in particular for binary compiler implementation veriication. We will prove that source level veriication is not suu-cient in order to guarantee compiler correctness. For this, we will adopt the scenario of a well-known attack to Unix operating system programs due to intruded Trojan Horses in compiler executabl...